The organelle on whose surface mTORC1 is activated. Nutrient signals converge here: mTORC1 must be physically recruited to the lysosomal membrane before Rheb can switch it on.
| Tier | What it means | Studies |
|---|---|---|
| D | Mechanistic / in vitro / review | 4 |
No direct human evidence in the Atlas for this entity yet — everything below rests on animal or mechanistic work.
| Study | Year | Tier | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEM2016 | 2016 | D | Lysosomal recruitment of TSC2 is a universal response to cellular stress that inhibits mTORC1. |
| BAR2012 | 2012 | D | Ragulator is the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor activating the Rag GTPases on the lysosome. |
| ZON2011 | 2011 | D | Showed amino acid sensing starts INSIDE the lysosome: amino acids accumulate in the lumen and the v-ATPase relays that signal outward ('inside-out') to Ragulator-Rag. A surprising twist on where the c |
| SAN2010 | 2010 | D | Established WHERE mTORC1 gets switched on: the lysosome surface. Identified Ragulator as the lysosomal dock that recruits the Rag GTPases and drags mTORC1 to the membrane where its activator Rheb live |