Pathway/Complex · 14 studies in the Atlas · also known as TORC2, mTOR complex 2, mTOR complex-2
mTOR Complex 2; phosphorylates Akt/PKB, affects cell survival and glucose metabolism.
| Study | Year | Tier | Finding |
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| SCH2025 | 2025 | B | First-in-human trial of a bi-steric mTORC1-selective inhibitor. Treatment-related hyperglycemia was low (4%) and not dose-limiting -- direct clinical confirmation that sparing mTORC2 avoids the metabo |
| MEN2023 | 2023 | C | RMC-6272, a bi-steric molecule with >25-fold selectivity for mTORC1 over mTORC2, completely suppresses mTORC1 (hitting the rapamycin-resistant substrate 4E-BP1) and overcomes hormone- and CDK4/6-inhib |
| LIU2020 | 2020 | D | The flagship modern review of the whole field, from Sabatini's own lab (Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology). Maps 25+ years of mTOR biology - how it senses nutrients, controls growth and autophagy, |
| SAX2017 | 2017 | D | Comprehensive synthesis of mTORC1/mTORC2 signaling, growth regulation, metabolism, and disease relevance.
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| LAM2012 | 2012 | D | Chronic rapamycin disrupts mTORC2 as well, causing insulin resistance; lifespan extension can be uncoupled from this side effect.
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| LAP2012 | 2012 | D | The classic 2012 Cell review that became the standard reference for mTOR signaling. Comprehensive yet readable synthesis of how mTOR integrates environmental cues to control growth, and how its deregu |
| DEL2009 | 2009 | D | T cells lacking mTOR fail to become normal effector cells and default toward regulatory T cells, showing mTOR is a master switch for immune cell fate.
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| FEL2009 | 2009 | D | The parallel discovery to Thoreen 2009 (same year), from the Shokat lab. Their TORKinibs (PP242, PP30) block mTOR's active site, hitting both complexes and shutting down cap-dependent translation that |
| PET2009 | 2009 | D | Identified DEPTOR as a built-in brake on BOTH mTOR complexes. The twist: in some multiple myelomas DEPTOR is overexpressed, which by relieving a feedback loop actually keeps pro-survival Akt signaling |
| GUE2007 | 2007 | D | Comprehensive review arguing mTOR signaling is commonly deregulated in human cancers, laying out the rationale for rapalog trials in oncology.
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| GUE2006 | 2006 | D | The definitive genetic 'dissection' of the two complexes in living mice. Deleting Raptor was lethal early (mTORC1 essential); deleting Rictor or mLST8 selectively knocked out mTORC2 signaling to Akt a |
| SAR2006 | 2006 | D | The molecular explanation for rapamycin's dark side. Short-term rapamycin only hits mTORC1, but LONG-term treatment also strips down mTORC2 in many cells, cutting Akt signaling. This is the mechanisti |
| SAR2005 | 2005 | D | The rictor-mTOR complex (mTORC2) directly phosphorylates Akt/PKB on Ser473, regulating cell survival.
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| SAR2004 | 2004 | D | Discovery of Rictor and the SECOND mTOR complex, mTORC2. Crucially showed this complex is NOT blocked by rapamycin and does not use Raptor - it controls the cytoskeleton via PKC. This is the paper tha |