Cryo-EM architecture of human mTORC1 reveals its dimeric organization and active site access.
| Evidence tier | D Mechanistic / in vitro / review |
| Study type | 5 - Mechanistic / In Vitro |
| Model system | Cryo-EM structure |
| Journal | Science |
| Year | 2015 |
| Peer reviewed | Yes |
| Source | DOI 10.1126/science.aaa3870 · PMID 26678875 |
Target of rapamycin (TOR), a conserved protein kinase and central controller of cell growth, functions in two structurally and functionally distinct complexes: TORC1 and TORC2. Dysregulation of mammalian TOR (mTOR) signaling is implicated in pathologies that include diabetes, cancer, and neurodegeneration. We resolved the architecture of human mTORC1 (mTOR with subunits Raptor and mLST8) bound to FK506 binding protein (FKBP)-rapamycin, by combining cryo-electron microscopy at 5.9 angstrom resolution with crystallographic studies of Chaetomium thermophilum Raptor at 4.3 angstrom resolution. The structure explains how FKBP-rapamycin and architectural elements of mTORC1 limit access to the recessed active site. Consistent with a role in substrate recognition and delivery, the conserved amino-terminal domain of Raptor is juxtaposed to the kinase active site.
| Intervention | Structural (cryo-EM) |
| Target | mTORC1 (mTOR/Raptor/mLST8/FKBP-rapamycin) |
| Model | Cryo-EM structure |
| Effect | Resolves the architecture of human mTORC1 bound to FKBP-rapamycin |