Carvedilol attenuates PTZ-induced epileptogenesis: associations with hippocampal neuroinflammation and PI3K/AKT/mTOR-related alterations.

Madkour AH, Abdelaziz RR, Nader MA, Elshal M · 2026 · Scientific Reports · Atlas ID MADKOUR2026

What this study shows

Prophylactic carvedilol reduced seizure scores, hippocampal damage and NLRP3-driven neuroinflammation in PTZ-kindled rats, with accompanying changes in PI3K/AKT/mTOR-related protein expression; the authors explicitly state causality was not established.

Abstract

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Epileptogenesis is a multifactorial process driven by persistent neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and dysregulated intracellular signalling. This study investigated prophylactic carvedilol in the PTZ-induced kindling model. Repeated PTZ administration produced progressive behavioural seizure development, impaired open-field performance, hippocampal neuronal damage, reduced GABA, increased oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators, altered hippocampal NLRP3 expression and changes in PI3K-, AKT- and mTOR-related protein expression.

Read the full abstract on PubMed →

At a glance

Evidence type	A Animal model Marked A because it is an animal intervention or observation study measuring an organismal outcome (model: Rat (PTZ kindling model)); the code names the system studied -- animal work can be rigorous and still not be human data.
Study type	4 - Animal Study
Model system	Rat (PTZ kindling model)
Journal	Scientific Reports
Year	2026
Peer reviewed	Yes
Record last updated	2026-10-01
Source	DOI 10.1038/s41598-026-67306-2 · PMID 42642481 · Free full text (PMC13507096)

Extracted findings

These fields were extracted from the paper with AI assistance and have not been checked against the source. Read them as a pointer into the paper, not as curated claims; where they disagree with the curated summary above, the curated summary stands.

Intervention	Carvedilol (prophylactic)
Target	PI3K/AKT/mTOR; NLRP3
Model	Rat
Effect	Reduced seizure severity and hippocampal injury; associative (non-causal) changes in PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling

In the Atlas

Cite this paper

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Madkour, A. H., Abdelaziz, R. R., Nader, M. A., & Elshal, M. (2026). Carvedilol attenuates PTZ-induced epileptogenesis: associations with hippocampal neuroinflammation and PI3K/AKT/mTOR-related alterations. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-67306-2

@article{MADKOUR2026,
  author       = {Madkour, A. H. and Abdelaziz, R. R. and Nader, M. A. and Elshal, M.},
  title        = {{Carvedilol attenuates PTZ-induced epileptogenesis: associations with hippocampal neuroinflammation and PI3K/AKT/mTOR-related alterations}},
  journal      = {Scientific Reports},
  year         = {2026},
  doi          = {10.1038/s41598-026-67306-2},
  note         = {PMID: 42642481},
}

Cite this Atlas record

The record is the Atlas's own work — the evidence label, the extracted findings and the links. It is cited as part of the dataset, not as the paper.

Barton, O. (2026). Oliver's mTOR Atlas (record MADKOUR2026) [Data set]. https://mtor-atlas.org/study/MADKOUR2026/ · Dataset DOI 10.5281/zenodo.22059963

@misc{atlas_MADKOUR2026,
  author       = {Barton, Oliver},
  title        = {{Oliver's mTOR Atlas}, record MADKOUR2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  year         = {2026},
  url          = {https://mtor-atlas.org/study/MADKOUR2026/},
  doi          = {10.5281/zenodo.22059963}
}

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