Rapamycin analog (RAD001); used in oncology and tested for immune function in older adults.
| Study | Year | Tier | Finding |
|---|
| LEE2024 | 2024 | A | The first systematic review of rapamycin/rapalogs in humans for aging. Screened 18,400 articles, included 19 studies. Found improvements in immune, cardiovascular, and skin (integumentary) parameters; |
| MAR2026 | 2026 | B | Everolimus added to endocrine therapy provided modest but statistically significant PFS benefit (5.0 vs 4.3 months; HR 0.68) in ER+/HER2- advanced breast cancer post-CDK4/6 inhibitor progression, with |
| MAN2018 | 2018 | B | The strongest human evidence that mTOR inhibition can rejuvenate a specific function of aging - immunity. In 264 elderly people, a low-dose combination that selectively hits TORC1 significantly reduce |
| MAN2014 | 2014 | B | Low-dose everolimus improved influenza vaccine response by ~20% and reduced PD-1 expression on T lymphocytes.
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| BIS2013 | 2013 | B | The companion phase 3 RCT (n=118) to EXIST-1, targeting kidney tumors (angiomyolipomas) in tuberous sclerosis and LAM. Everolimus shrank them by >=50% in 42% of patients versus 0% on placebo. Together |
| FRA2013 | 2013 | B | Phase 3 RCT (n=117) in tuberous sclerosis, the disease where mTOR is stuck ON by a genetic fault. Everolimus shrank brain tumors (SEGA) by >=50% in 35% of patients versus 0% on placebo. Because the ca |
| BAS2012 | 2012 | B | A phase 3 RCT (n=724) proving mTOR matters in a common cancer. When hormone-therapy stops working in breast cancer, it's partly because mTOR switches on. Adding everolimus more than doubled progressio |
| YAO2011 | 2011 | B | A phase 3 RCT (n=410) that made everolimus a standard treatment for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. It more than doubled progression-free survival (11.0 vs 4.6 months, a 65% reduction in risk of pro |
| KRU2010 | 2010 | B | In patients whose TSC1/TSC2 mutations cause brain tumors, everolimus shrank tumor volume by 30%+ in three-quarters of patients.
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| MOT2008 | 2008 | B | Everolimus extended median progression-free survival from 1.9 to 4.0 months versus placebo in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
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| NCT05835999 | | — | Currently active phase 2 trial (NCT05835999) directly testing this Atlas's open dosing hypothesis: whether daily low-dose (0.5mg) versus weekly (5mg) everolimus can improve aging biomarkers and insuli |