{
 "meta": {
  "api_version": "1.0.0",
  "dataset_version": "2.0.1",
  "corpus_snapshot": "2026-10-12T22:59:14+0200",
  "source_commit": "93739c9d195dc39e47eecfabc3cab2565a2f256f",
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "cite": "Barton O. Oliver's mTOR Atlas. doi:10.5281/zenodo.22059963",
  "docs": "https://mtor-atlas.org/api/"
 },
 "data": {
  "id": "INS-PI3K",
  "claim": "Insulin activates PI3K",
  "source": {
   "name": "Insulin",
   "entity": "insulin"
  },
  "target": {
   "name": "PI3K",
   "entity": "pi3k"
  },
  "effect": "activates",
  "type": "signal-relay",
  "directness": "indirect",
  "timescale": "minutes",
  "compartment": "pm",
  "map_band": "pm",
  "species": [
   "human",
   "mammalian cells",
   "Drosophila"
  ],
  "mechanism": "Insulin binds the insulin receptor, which phosphorylates IRS proteins; those recruit PI3K, which makes PIP3 and so starts the arm that reaches mTORC1 through Akt. The step is also where the pathway's best-known feedback lands: S6K1 depletes IRS1/2 and the cell goes deaf to insulin (SHA2004).",
  "mechanism_beginner": "Insulin lands on its own receptor on the cell surface. The message is passed inward by IRS proteins to PI3K, which builds a signalling lipid, and that is the beginning of the route to mTORC1. This is also the step that breaks when the pathway is overactive for too long.",
  "context": null,
  "boundary": "Insulin and IGF-1 share this receptor arm; growth hormone does not, and is kept separate for that reason. The amplitude and the time pattern of the insulin signal are not interchangeable: KUB2012 shows the AKT pathway multiplexes insulin's temporal pattern, so a single arrow understates what the cell reads. Cell and genetic work, plus human physiology for the insulin-resistance end of it.",
  "note": null,
  "consensus_contested": false,
  "curation_contested": false,
  "contested": false,
  "confidence": {
   "mechanistic": "high",
   "human_relevance": "plausible",
   "consensus": "established"
  },
  "evidence": {
   "kind": "Genetic epistasis",
   "strongest": {
    "code": "M",
    "label": "Molecular — cells, biochemistry, structure"
   },
   "supporting": [
    "HAR2004",
    "GAR2003",
    "SAU2003",
    "SAN2007",
    "SHA2004"
   ],
   "conflicting": []
  },
  "external_refs": [],
  "reviewed": null,
  "updated": null,
  "checked": null,
  "review_status": "unreviewed",
  "reviewer": null,
  "curation_status": "Proposed",
  "url": "https://mtor-atlas.org/relation/INS-PI3K/",
  "api_url": "https://mtor-atlas.org/api/v1/relations/INS-PI3K.json"
 }
}